Juneteenth, an abbreviation for ‘June Nineteenth’, commemorates the moment in 1865 on June 19th when federal forces reached Galveston, Texas, assuming authority over the state and guaranteeing the liberation of all enslaved individuals. The troops’ arrival occurred two and a half years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
Juneteenth is considered the longest-running African American holiday and became a federal holiday in 2021. Since that moment in Galveston, Juneteenth has been a holiday where communities have honored ancestors, acknowledged their sacrifices and honored the accomplishments and contributions of Black Americans to the country. Juneteenth provides a chance to educate and increase awareness regarding the history of slavery, the challenges faced by Black Americans and the persistent battle against systemic racism. This day empowers people to participate in discussions, advocate for equality and strive towards forgoing a fairer society.
Like other holidays, Juneteenth is celebrated through public readings, parades and festivals, music and dancing, family reunions and community events. In addition, several efforts support community empowerment initiatives such as voter registration drives, community service projects or support for Black-owned businesses, linking cultural celebrations with social activism.
As with most celebrations, food plays an important role. Here are some traditional food and beverage items that are symbolic of African American heritage and history:
Red foods: Red foods and drinks are described as central to Juneteenth celebrations because red symbolizes the bloodshed and sacrifice of enslaved ancestors. Red foods such as barbecued ribs, red velvet cake, cherry cobbler, strawberry soda and red punch are traditionally on the menu.
Sweet potato pie: This common southern dessert has deep roots in African American culinary heritage. Sweet potatoes were a staple ingredient that enslaved Africans cultivated and utilized in various dishes due to their abundance and nutritional value.
Corn: During times of enslavement, corn was a readily available and affordable ingredient that could be used in various dishes. Common dishes include cornbread, grits and classic corn-on-the-cob.
Collard greens: Collard greens hold traditional significance for Juneteenth and African American cuisine for many reasons. Collard greens are hearty and plentiful, which made them a practical choice for enslaved Africans and their descendants. It was one of the few items that enslaved Africans were allowed to grow in a garden, making it readily available.
Black-eyed peas: This side dish is historical to African American culture because upon arriving in North America, enslaved Africans brought with them the practice of cultivating and cooking black-eyed peas, which became a symbol of resilience and survival.
Juneteenth is a time to reflect, celebrate, and come together in recognition of a shared history. As we honor the traditions, stories, foods and contributions that shape this day, may it also inspire continued learning, connection and appreciation for the diverse voices that enrich our communities.